Question # 5

Question:Research in the net the most recent assembler.
Describe its history,nature and applications.
Evaluate this assembler from its predecessor.

Answer: Autocoder was the name given to certain assemblers for a number of IBM computer of the 1950s and 1960s.
The first Autocoders appear to have been the earliest assemblers to provide a macro facility.The term autocoder needs to be distinguished from auto code, a term of the same era which was used in the UK for languages of a higher level. Both terms derive from the phrase automatic coding, which referred generally to programs which eased the burden of producing the numeric machine language codes of programs. Autocoding- is seen occasionally, and can refer to any kind of programming system.In some circles "autocoder" could be used in a rather generic way to refer to what is now called a macroassembler.

The first Autocoders were released in 1955 for the IBM 702 and in 1956 for the almost compatible IBM 705. They were designed by Roy Goldfinger who earlier had worked on New York University (NYU) NYAP assembler. These machines were variable word lenght commercial machines, as were many of the computers for which an Autocoder was released.Besides the 702 and 705, there eventually also were Autocoders for the IBM 7010, IBM 7030(Stretch), IBM7070, IBM 7080, and the IBM 1400 series. Other manufacturers sometimes built competing products, such as NCR's "National's Electronic Autocoder Technique" (NEAT).

The most well known Autocoder is that of the IM 1401, undoubtedly due in part to the general success of that series of machines. Autocoder was the primary language of this computer, and its macro capabilities supported use of the Input/Output Control System which eased the programming burden.Another assembler, Symbolic Programming System (SPS), was also available for the 1401 and used the same mnemonics but a different input format. It lacked Autocoder's features and was generally used only on machines with less than the minimum 4000 characters of memory needed to use Autocoder.

References

• Allen, F. E., "The history of language processor technology at IBM", IBM Journal of Research and Development, 25(5), pp. 535-548 (September 1981).
• Goldfinger, Roy, "The IBM Type 705 Autocoder". Proceedings East Joint Computer Conf., San Francisco, 1956.
• Hopper, Grace, "Automatic Coding for Digital Computers" in the High Speed Computer Conference, Louisiana Stat (1955) the High Speed Computer Conference, Louisiana State University, 16 Feb. 1955, Remington Rand, Inc., 1955.
• Salomon, David, Assemblers And Loaders (Horwood, 1993), ISBN.
• Weik, Martin H., A Fourth Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems,BRL Report No. 1227, January 1964 (Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland).

Student name: Abe Midtimbang

Question # 4

QUESTION: Justify what situations or applications programmers will rather use Assembly Languages than Higher Level Programming Languages and vice versa.

Answer: The typically used in a system's boot ROM(BIOS on IBM-compatible PC system)The Hard-coded assembly language .This low level code is to initialized and test the system hardware prior to booting the OS, and use among he other thing.
A certain level of hardware initialized has taken place, execution transfers to other code,typically written in higher level languages; but the code running immediately after power is applied is usually written in assembly language.
The same is true of most boot loaders.
The system's portable code can then utilize these processor-specific components through a uniform interface.

Reference:
http://wikipedia.org/, http://google.com/


Student name: Abe Midtimbang

Question # 3

Question: Research in the net what is the best assembler and why?


Answer: In1990s alternative assemblers such as Borland TASM, the shareware assembler A86, and NASM began to take some of MASM's market share. However, two events in the late 1990s allowed MASM to retain much of its market share. First, Microsoft ceased selling MASM as a commercial product and began distributing it free of charge as part of the Driver development kit. Second, the MASM32 package and Iczelion's Win32 tutorials appeared, making Windows' application programming with MASM possible. Later in 2000, MASM 6.15 was released as p art of the Visual C++ Processor Pack, which is free. As a result, all versions of Visual C++ later than 6.0, included a version of MASM equal to the version of Visual C++. Later in Visual C++ 2005, a 64-bit version of MASM appeared

(file name is ml64.exe). Combined with the huge installed base of MASM users, these events helped stem the defection from MASM to other assemblers.

Today, MASM is still the most popular assembler, despite competition from new products such as NASM and Yasm, FASM, and HLA. There are several other assemblers which are either use MASM's syntax or are designed for Windows, including RosAsm, POASM, GoASM and JWasm. RosAsm is a monolithic assembler and IDE developed for but independent from the rectos project. It is distributed under the GPL licence. POASM comes with Palles C and is Freeware while JWasm is a open source fork of the open Wactom assembler

Student Name: Abe Midtimbang

Question # 2

Question:Research in the net usual applications done in assembly language. Describe these applications briefly and cite the efficiency and effectiveness of these applications.

Answer:A motor controller is a device or group of devices that serves to govern in some predetermined manner the performance of an electronic Motor. A motor controller might include a usual done in Assembly Language or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and faults. Motor controller in an MCC can be specified with a range of options such as separate control transformers, pilot lamps, control switches, extra control terminal blocks, various types of bi-metal and solid-state overload protection relays, or various classes of power fuses or types of circuit breakers. A motor control center can either be supplied ready for the customer to connect all field wiring, or can be an engineered assembly with internal control and interlocking wiring to a central control terminal panel board or programmable controller.www.wikipedia.com


Student name: Abe Midtimbang

Question # 1

Question: What topic(s) in MCS 213 do you find easy and/or difficult and why?

Answer: The Topic that I find easier is the topic about convertion of binary and decimal numbers and the topic that I find difficult is about the programing of binary and decimal numbers.

Abe Midtimbang